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Institut für Leistungselektronik und Elektrische Antriebe
Institut
Team
Haarer, M.Sc., Jörg

Jörg Haarer, M.Sc.

Akademischer Mitarbeiter
Institut für Leistungselektronik und Elektrische Antriebe

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+49 711 685 67372
+49 711 685 67378
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Pfaffenwaldring 47
70569 Stuttgart
Deutschland
Raum: 1.252, ETI 1

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Publikationen

2024
1. Haarer, J., Koppenhöfer, L., Marx, P., Ziegler, P., Roth-Stielow, J.: Power Electronics Building Block with Distributed TCM Modulator. In: APEC (ed.) 2024 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC). pp. 2156–2163 (2024).
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  @inproceedings{10509061, abstract = {High switching frequencies in combination with zero voltage switching allow to increase the power density while reducing the costs of power electronic converters. However, the design of such systems is complex due to the complex hardware design and the small-time constants in the modulators and control system resulting from the high switching frequencies. To still benefit from the advantages of high switching frequencies and zero voltage switching, in a wide range of applications, it is desirable to have a general-purpose power electronics building block which provides these hardware related functions in an encapsulated module via an easy-to-use interface. Such a power electronics building block that can operate at high switching frequencies and realizes zero voltage switching over the entire operating range is presented. This is achieved by a novel distributed realization of a triangular current mode modulator and the introduction of switch modules. Besides the basic ideas of the switch modules and the distributed triangular current mode modulator, as well as two possible realization variants, the application of the power electronics building block is demonstrated on the example of a non-isolated DC/DC converter with superimposed closed loop voltage control.}, author = {Haarer, Jörg and Koppenhöfer, Luis and Marx, Philipp and Ziegler, Philipp and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2024 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)}, editor = {APEC}, issn = {2470-6647}, language = {en}, month = {02}, pages = {2156-2163}, title = {Power Electronics Building Block with Distributed TCM Modulator}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10509061}, year = 2024 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10509061
2023
1. Ziegler, P., Linzmaier, J., Haarer, J., Marx, P., Eckstein, M., Roth-Stielow, J.: Wide Bandwidth Current Sensors and the Influence on the Switching Loss Characterization. In: 2023 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2023 - ECCE Asia). pp. 1181–1188 (2023).
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  @inproceedings{10213817, abstract = {Due to their outstanding properties, wide bandgap semiconductor devices enable better performance and efficiency in power electronic circuits compared to silicon devices. However, characterizing the switching loss of such devices is even more challenging. The limits of measurement equipment, especially for the current measurement, are reached due to the fast rise and fall times. Ideal characterization requires a non-invasive, infinite bandwidth current sensor. This paper presents a galvanically isolated current sensor that combines magnetic field sensors and a printed circuit board integrated Rogowski coil. The insertion inductance of the hybrid current sensor is compared to a commercial coaxial shunt and a low inductance SMD shunt approach. The influence of the different current measurement devices on the switching loss characterization is investigated.}, author = {Ziegler, Philipp and Linzmaier, Jan and Haarer, Jörg and Marx, Philipp and Eckstein, Mattea and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2023 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2023 - ECCE Asia)}, issn = {2150-6086}, month = {05}, pages = {1181-1188}, title = {Wide Bandwidth Current Sensors and the Influence on the Switching Loss Characterization}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10213817}, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10213817
2. Marx, P., Qi, B., Ziegler, P., Haarer, J., Ketchedjian, V., Roth-Stielow, J.: Synchronization of Switching Transitions in Parallel Modules of Integrated Modular Motor Drives for Common Mode Noise Reduction. In: 2023 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2023 - ECCE Asia). pp. 655–662 (2023).
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  @inproceedings{10213749, abstract = {The changing potential during switching transitions of power electronic devices causes common mode noise. Besides passive filters, there are space saving approaches, which actively reduce the common mode noise. One approach is to synchronize opposing switching transitions of power electronic devices with similar parasitic impedances. The synchronized opposing switching transitions generate opposing common mode noises, which reduce each other by superposition. This principle is often used in topologies with parallel structures. In most cases, two structures are operated invers, in which the control signals of both structures are strictly dependent from each other. Integrated Modular Motor Drives offer parallel topologies enabling the synchronization of opposing switching transitions. This paper presents a switching scheme to synchronize switching transitions with increased degree of freedom compared to an invers operation. The novel switching scheme allows different control signals in all parallel modules of Integrated Modular Motor Drives.}, author = {Marx, Philipp and Qi, Boya and Ziegler, Philipp and Haarer, Jörg and Ketchedjian, Vasken and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2023 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2023 - ECCE Asia)}, issn = {2150-6086}, month = {05}, pages = {655-662}, title = {Synchronization of Switching Transitions in Parallel Modules of Integrated Modular Motor Drives for Common Mode Noise Reduction}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10213749}, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10213749
3. Ziegler, P., Bura, M., Haarer, J., Marx, P., Hirning, D., Roth-Stielow, J.: Signal Processing Design for Wide Bandwidth Hybrid Current Sensor based on Enhanced Analog Operational Amplifier Circuit. 2023, IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications. Volume 12 Pages, 635–642 (2023).
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  @article{ziegler2023signal, abstract = {Hybrid current sensors are suitable for wide bandwidth current measurement. They entail the fusion of two different measurement circuits, one for DC and low-frequency current and another for high-frequency current. Thus, the advantages of the different measurement principles are incorporated in one current sensor. Hybrid current sensors generate output signals through a superposition of the signals from the low-frequency and high-frequency current sensors. This is realized using analog signal processing by means of an analog operational amplifier circuit. Realization of the superposition of the frequency responses of the different measurement circuits to achieve a constant gain in the transition area is challenging. This study focused on the analog signal processing and its enhancement. Specifically, two possible signal processing approaches to increase the bandwidth based on the state-of-the-art realization of a low-pass filter were devised. These approaches were investigated using a simulation model. Frequency response measurements using a hybrid current sensor based on tunneling magnetoresistance sensors and a Rogowski coil were used for verification. The results show that by enhancing the signal processing, the bandwidth of the current sensors can be significantly increased.}, author = {Ziegler, Philipp and Bura, Michael and Haarer, Jörg and Marx, Philipp and Hirning, David and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, journal = {2023, IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications}, number = {Issue 4}, pages = {635-642}, title = {Signal Processing Design for Wide Bandwidth Hybrid Current Sensor based on Enhanced Analog Operational Amplifier Circuit}, url = {https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ieejjia/12/4/12_22007463/_article}, volume = {Volume 12 Pages }, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/ieejjia/12/4/12_22007463/_article
4. Ziegler, P., Haarer, J., Marx, P., Eckstein, M., Haspel, A., Roth-Stielow, J.: Evaluation of a Low-Cost Wide Bandwidth Current Shunt for Characterization of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Devices. In: 2023 25th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’23 ECCE Europe). pp. 1–9 (2023).
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  @inproceedings{10264595, abstract = {Characterizing the switching losses of wide bandgap semiconductor devices requires wide bandwidth measurement equipment with the smallest possible insertion inductance added to the commutation path by the current sensor. A common current measurement approach is using low-cost off-the-shelf SMD resistors and measure the voltage drop. This SMD shunt approach has a limited bandwidth due to parasitic inductances. In this work, an evaluation of such a low-cost current shunt is performed. The influences and constraints that limit the bandwidth are investigated. The design of a compensation network and the resulting bandwidth improvement are examined. Based on the theoretical discussion, a compact current shunt is designed, that allows a simple integration into the commutation path while adding a low insertion inductance. The measurement results show, that the common measurement approach can reach a bandwidth of several hundred MHz if the design constraints are met and can be further extended by a compensation network.}, author = {Ziegler, Philipp and Haarer, Jörg and Marx, Philipp and Eckstein, Mattea and Haspel, André and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2023 25th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'23 ECCE Europe)}, month = {09}, pages = {1-9}, title = {Evaluation of a Low-Cost Wide Bandwidth Current Shunt for Characterization of Wide Bandgap Semiconductor Devices}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10264595}, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10264595
5. Ziegler, P., Al-Hussainy, A., Haarer, J., Marx, P., Roth-Stielow, J.: Design of a 2 kA Pulsed Current Source for Characterization of Current Sensors. In: PCIM Europe 2023; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management. pp. 1–8 (2023).
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  @inproceedings{10173269, abstract = {This paper presents the design of a 2 kA pulsed current source. It uses parallel connected silicon carbid semiconductor devices to provide high current amplitudes and short rise and fall times. Also a custom gate driver, based on a galium nitride half-bridge, is used to allow short turn on and off times of the parallel connected semiconductor devices. In this way, current pulses with amplitudes up to 2 kA and rise and fall times of less than 60 ns can be generated by the current source, which are typical of today’s commutation current in power electronic systems.Therefore, it can be used for the characterization and comparison of highly dynamic current sensors.}, author = {Ziegler, Philipp and Al-Hussainy, Abbas and Haarer, Joerg and Marx, Philipp and Roth-Stielow, Joerg}, booktitle = {PCIM Europe 2023; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}, month = {05}, pages = {1-8}, title = {Design of a 2 kA Pulsed Current Source for Characterization of Current Sensors}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10173269}, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10173269
6. Ziegler, P., Zhao, Y., Haarer, J., Ruthardt, J., Fischer, M., Roth-Stielow, J.: Compact Design of a Wide Bandwidth High Current Sensor Using Tilted Magnetic Field Sensors. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. 1–10 (2023).
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  @article{10223415, abstract = {Magnetic field-based current sensors are widely used due to their galvanically insulated measurement principle. A well-proven concept is based on the discrete realization of Ampèere's law using a circular array of magnetic field sensors. Depending on the linear operating range of the magnetic field sensors, the radius of the circular array has to be chosen, leading to large dimensions for high current values. This paper presents a novel approach to build a compact wide bandwidth current sensor based on the combination of tilted tunnel-magnetoresistance sensors and a Rogowski coil. The used tunnel-magnetoresistance sensors are characterized and show an increased linear range in the current sensor application if they are tilted. In addition, the sensor sensitivity is varied with the tilt angle. A novel current sensor concept based on tilting in combination with repositioning the magnetic field sensors is presented. This concept offers the opportunity to reduce the size of state-of-the-art current sensors based on magnetic field sensors significantly. The proposed concept is verified in a current sensor prototype. The DC current linearity, the dynamic behavior as well as the signal-to-noise ratio is characterized. Ideas how this concept can be used and further developed are presented.}, author = {Ziegler, Philipp and Zhao, Yiru and Haarer, Jörg and Ruthardt, Johannes and Fischer, Manuel and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, issn = {1939-9367}, journal = {IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications}, pages = {1-10}, title = {Compact Design of a Wide Bandwidth High Current Sensor Using Tilted Magnetic Field Sensors}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10223415}, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10223415
7. Haarer, J., Lomberg, N., Ziegler, P., Marx, P., Haspel, A., Roth-Stielow, J.: A Novel Approach for a Distributed TCM Modulator. In: IEEE (ed.) 2023 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2023 - ECCE Asia). pp. 1973–1979 (2023).
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  @inproceedings{10213873, abstract = {Wide-band-gap semiconductor devices, higher switching frequencies enabled by zero-voltage switching techniques and higher integration, currently drive resource and cost savings in power electronics. The potential of integrated power stages, combining power transistor, gate driver, measurement and protection circuits, modulator and controller has been demonstrated for topologies with one switch. However, for topologies with more switches the integration of modulator and controller is problematic, as they are traditionally regarded as an atomic unit connected to all power transistors via potential barriers. This precludes the direct integration of modulator and controller. This paper presents a novel distributed triangular current mode modulator. It exploits the fact that all information, needed to generate the switching commands can be determined from state variables measured directly at the individual power transistors. Thus, modulator and controller can be integrated in universally applicable power stages, which allow high switching frequencies and soft switching.}, author = {Haarer, Jörg and Lomberg, Nicolas and Ziegler, Philipp and Marx, Philipp and Haspel, André and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2023 11th International Conference on Power Electronics and ECCE Asia (ICPE 2023 - ECCE Asia)}, editor = {IEEE}, issn = {2150-6086}, language = {en}, month = {05}, pages = {1973-1979}, title = {A Novel Approach for a Distributed TCM Modulator}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10213873}, year = 2023 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10213873
2022
1. Marx, P., Assenheimer, J., Ziegler, P., Haarer, J., Roth-Stielow, J.: Reduction of Common Mode Disturbances in Parallel Modules of Integrated Modular Motor Drives. In: IEEE (ed.) 2022 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Himeji 2022- ECCE Asia). pp. 595–600 (2022).
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  @inproceedings{9806860, abstract = {Decreasing switching transition times and miniaturizing power electronic designs lead to higher electromagnetic disturbances. By synchronizing opposed switching transitions, common mode disturbances can be reduced without additional filters. This paper presents an approach to synchronize the switching transitions in parallel modules of integrated modular motor drives. Based on examinations on the parasitic impedances, switching transitions are synchronized in a proper way to ensure best results. Furthermore, the timing of the switching commands is adjusted to compensate differences in the propagation delay. The approach is validated by measurements on a test setup.}, author = {Marx, Philipp and Assenheimer, Jan and Ziegler, Philipp and Haarer, Jörg and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2022 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Himeji 2022- ECCE Asia)}, editor = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-4-8868-6425-3}, month = {05}, pages = {595-600}, title = {Reduction of Common Mode Disturbances in Parallel Modules of Integrated Modular Motor Drives}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9806860}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9806860
2. Ziegler, P., Bura, M., Haarer, J., Marx, P., Hirning, D., Roth-Stielow, J.: Optimization Approaches for the Signal Processing of Hybrid Current Sensors. In: IEEE (ed.) 2022 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Himeji 2022- ECCE Asia). pp. 506–513 (2022).
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  @inproceedings{9807001, abstract = {Hybrid current sensors are suitable devices for wide bandwidth current measurement. They combine two different measurement circuits, one for DC and low-frequency current measurement and another for high frequency current measurement. This combines the advantages of different measurement principles in one current sensor. The output signal of the hybrid current sensor is generated through a superposition of the low-frequency and high-frequency current sensor. This is realized using analog signal processing by means of an analog operational amplifier circuit. The challenge is to superpose the frequency responses of the different measurement circuits achieving a constant gain in the transition area. This paper focuses on the analog signal processing and its optimization. Based on a state-of-the-art realization, two possible optimization approaches of the signal processing are presented to increase the bandwidth. These optimization approaches are investigated in a simulation model and verified by frequency response measurements of a hybrid current sensor based on tunneling magnetoresistance sensors and a Rogowski coil.}, author = {Ziegler, Philipp and Bura, Michael and Haarer, Jörg and Marx, Philipp and Hirning, David and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2022 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Himeji 2022- ECCE Asia)}, editor = {IEEE}, month = {05}, pages = {506-513}, title = {Optimization Approaches for the Signal Processing of Hybrid Current Sensors}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9807001}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9807001
3. Hirning, D., Bauer, L., Ruthardt, J., Haarer, J., Ziegler, P., Roth-Stielow, J.: Online Junction Temperature Measurement of SiC-MOSFETs via Gate Impedance Using the Gate-Signal Injection Method. In: IEEE (ed.) 2022 24th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’22 ECCE Europe). pp. 1–9 (2022).
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  @inproceedings{9907316, abstract = {This paper presents a method for junction temperature monitoring of SiC-MOSFETs based on a high-frequency gate-signal injection. The signal is injected during steady state (e.g. off-state) resulting in a current response, which depends on the temperature dependent gate impedance. The external gate resistor is used as a current shunt to capture the current response. The resulting signal contains the junction temperature information due to the temperature dependency of the gate impedance. This paper focuses on a sinusoidal approach to overcome the challenges due to the temperature dependent parasitic capacitance of the gate circuit. Measurements show the proof of concept, however, there are still challenges to face.}, author = {Hirning, David and Bauer, Luca and Ruthardt, Johannes and Haarer, Jörg and Ziegler, Philipp and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2022 24th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'22 ECCE Europe)}, editor = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-9-0758-1539-9}, month = {09}, pages = {1-9}, title = {Online Junction Temperature Measurement of SiC-MOSFETs via Gate Impedance Using the Gate-Signal Injection Method}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9907316}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9907316
4. Weimer, J., Koch, D., Nitzsche, M., Haarer, J., Roth-Stielow, J., Kallfass, I.: Miniaturization and Thermal Design of a 170 W AC/DC Battery Charger Utilizing GaN Power Devices. IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics. 3, 13–25 (2022).
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  @article{9658121, abstract = {This paper presents the design and analysis of a high-density two-stage battery charger for mid-power applications like small electric vehicles and high-performance laptops utilizing gallium nitride (GaN) power devices. In addition to adherence of maximum junction temperatures, a thermal analysis is carried out for in-housing operation, which is particularly critical for fanless wall chargers. Design measures include calorimetric semiconductor selection, half-bridge miniaturization, thermally conductive epoxy resin and reference-based convection modeling for thermally optimized component placement using 3D-stacking. Furthermore, the remaining optimization potential of the charger is estimated by virtual prototyping. A 170 W hardware prototype is developed and tested, achieving a two-stage power section efficiency of 95.4% with a maximum switching frequency of 550 kHz. This results in a power density in open-housing operation of 1.6 kW/dm<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Using epoxy resin, copper and graphite heat spreaders, an in-housing operation power density of 1.1 kW/dm<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> is achieved with minor reduction of output power due to surface temperature constraints.}, author = {Weimer, Julian and Koch, Dominik and Nitzsche, Maximilian and Haarer, Jörg and Roth-Stielow, Jörg and Kallfass, Ingmar}, issn = {2644-1314}, journal = {IEEE Open Journal of Power Electronics}, pages = {13-25}, title = {Miniaturization and Thermal Design of a 170 W AC/DC Battery Charger Utilizing GaN Power Devices}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9658121}, volume = 3, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9658121
5. Ziegler, P., Festerling, T., Haarer, J., Marx, P., Hirning, D., Roth-Stielow, J.: Influences of Parasitic Capacitances in Wide Bandwidth Rogowski Coils for Commutation Current Measurement. In: IEEE (ed.) 2022 24th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’22 ECCE Europe). pp. 1–10 (2022).
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  @inproceedings{9907377, abstract = {This paper focuses on the capacitive coupling of PCB integrated Rogowski coils for commutation current measurement. It investigates the cause and the influence of parasitic capacitances on the measurement signal. It discusses the advantages of a differential winding arrangement and the reasons why shielding is not an option in this application. The parasitic capacitance of three different winding arrangements are measured and compared to a Rogowski coil approach with minimized parasitic capacitance. On the base of sensor prototypes, the influence on the measurement is investigated in a pulsed current source.}, author = {Ziegler, Philipp and Festerling, Tobias and Haarer, Jorg and Marx, Philipp and Hirning, David and Roth-Stielow, Jorg}, booktitle = {2022 24th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'22 ECCE Europe)}, editor = {IEEE}, isbn = {978-9-0758-1539-9}, month = {09}, pages = {1-10}, title = {Influences of Parasitic Capacitances in Wide Bandwidth Rogowski Coils for Commutation Current Measurement}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9907377}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9907377
6. Ketchedjian, V., Haspel, A., Haarer, J., Roth-Stielow, J.: An Open-Loop Control for the Determination of the MTPV-Trajectory of a SynRM. In: IEEE (ed.) 2022 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Himeji 2022- ECCE Asia). pp. 2714–2720 (2022).
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  @inproceedings{9806916, abstract = {In this paper an open-loop control for the measurement of the maximum torque per volt (MTPV)-trajectory for a synchronous reluctance machine (SynRM) is proposed. This method requires a minimum number of measurement parameter to determine the MTPV-trajectory without any previous knowledge of the inductances and its saturation effects. The proposed method is an open-loop control which is based on the same principle of measurement as the maximum torque per ampere (MTPA)-trajectory and can be easily implemented on a test bench. The functionality of the open-loop control is first tested using the simulation tool Matlab-Simulink. Then the open-loop control is implemented on an existing test bench to verify its functionality experimentally and compare the obtained simulation results with the measurement results.}, author = {Ketchedjian, Vasken and Haspel, André and Haarer, Jörg and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2022 International Power Electronics Conference (IPEC-Himeji 2022- ECCE Asia)}, editor = {IEEE}, month = {05}, pages = {2714-2720}, title = {An Open-Loop Control for the Determination of the MTPV-Trajectory of a SynRM}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9806916}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=9806916
7. Haarer, J., Eckstein, M., Ziegler, P., Marx, P., Hirning, D., Roth-Stielow, J.: A Calorimetric and Electrical Method for Measuring Loss Energies of Half-Bridges. In: IEEE (ed.) 2022 24th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE’22 ECCE Europe). pp. 1–9 (2022).
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  @inproceedings{9907102, abstract = {For the optimal design of power electronic systems the exact knowledge about the different loss mechanisms of the used semiconductor devices is essential. However, conventional measurement methods based on electrical parameters are facing their limits, as switching speed of modern power devices is steadily increasing enabled by the use of wide bandgap semiconductor materials. For this reason, calorimetric measurement techniques are becoming more and more popular. However, due to the nature of their principle, calorimetric measurement methodologies can usually only determine the total power losses of the device under test. To overcome this disadvantage a methology which combines different calorimetric and electrical measurements to separately determine the switching and conduction energies in a half-bridge with an ohmic-inductive load while maintaining the accuracy of calorimetric measurement methods is developed. In addition, the presented methodology identifies the switching energies of the two different switching transitions within one switching period, depending on the load current as well as the dead time, considering thermal influences. A hardware setup for the presented methology, is realized. Using this test setup, the loss energies of a half-bridge based on silicon carbide MOSFETs are investigated. The resulting measurements are presented and verified by measurements with a power analyzer.}, author = {Haarer, Jörg and Eckstein, Mattea and Ziegler, Philipp and Marx, Philipp and Hirning, David and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2022 24th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications (EPE'22 ECCE Europe)}, editor = {IEEE}, language = {en}, month = {09}, pages = {1-9}, title = {A Calorimetric and Electrical Method for Measuring Loss Energies of Half-Bridges}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9907102}, year = 2022 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9907102
2021
1. Weimer, J., Koch, D., Nitzsche, M., Haarer, J., Kallfass, I.: Thermal Topology Optimization for High Power Density Power Electronic Systems in Passively Cooled Housings. In: 2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC). pp. 1–6 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529942.
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  @inproceedings{9529942, author = {Weimer, Julian and Koch, Dominik and Nitzsche, Maximilian and Haarer, Jörg and Kallfass, Ingmar}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Design Methodologies Conference (DMC)}, doi = {10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529942}, month = {07}, pages = {1-6}, title = {Thermal Topology Optimization for High Power Density Power Electronic Systems in Passively Cooled Housings}, url = {https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529942}, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://doi.org/10.1109/DMC51747.2021.9529942
2. Nitzsche, M., Haarer, J., Weimer, J., Koch, D., Roth-Stielow, J.: Influence Analysis of Thermally Conductive Epoxy Resin on the Electrical Design of a Compact AC/DC Converter. In: 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). pp. 5677–5683 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9594931.
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  @inproceedings{9594931, abstract = {The design of a compact AC/DC converter for a wide output voltage range imposes stringent challenges regarding electrical and thermal performance. To match these requirements this paper presents the design approach and measurements of a Totem-Pole Power Factor Correction (PFC) and a resonant LLC converter stage, optimized for a maximum average efficiency over a wide operating range. The work deals with the design process itself, which is subdivided into the derivation of the necessary efficiency due to the thermal and geometrical boundary conditions. Further it details the influence of the high packing density and the thermal management on the electrical behavior. A thermally conductive epoxy resin which is designed to meet increasing demands for efficient thermal dissipation has significant unintentional influence on the electrical behavior of the LLC resonant circuit. The root causes are analyzed and verified by measurements.}, author = {Nitzsche, Maximilian and Haarer, Jörg and Weimer, Julian and Koch, Dominik and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)}, doi = {10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9594931}, issn = {2329-3748}, month = {10}, pages = {5677-5683}, title = {Influence Analysis of Thermally Conductive Epoxy Resin on the Electrical Design of a Compact AC/DC Converter}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9594931}, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9594931
3. Fischer, M., Hu, Y., Ruthardt, J., Ziegler, P., Haarer, J., Roth-Stielow, J.: Comparison of an Interleaved Multi-Branch Inverter and a Four-Level Inverter with Variable Voltage Levels for Emulation of Three-Phase Machines. In: 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). pp. 2570–2575 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595668.
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  @inproceedings{9595668, abstract = {Power-hardware-in-the-loop emulation of electrical machines is a useful tool to simplify the development and testing process of traction inverters and their control systems at different operating conditions. This requires two fundamental components: a real-time operating machine model and an applicable power electronic device, which adjusts the same currents and voltages as the surveyed machine would. This paper compares two different power electronic topologies regarding their suitability for emulation of three-phase machines. The surveyed topologies are on the one hand a multi-branch interleaved-switched inverter, which is a state-of-the-art solution and also used in commercial machine emulators. On the other hand, a four-level inverter topology with variable voltage levels is analyzed, which is custom-built for the purpose of emulating three-phase machines. Within this paper the setup of both topologies as well as the comparative analysis by measurement results are presented.}, author = {Fischer, Manuel and Hu, Yang and Ruthardt, Johannes and Ziegler, Philipp and Haarer, Jörg and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)}, doi = {10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595668}, issn = {2329-3748}, month = {10}, pages = {2570-2575}, title = {Comparison of an Interleaved Multi-Branch Inverter and a Four-Level Inverter with Variable Voltage Levels for Emulation of Three-Phase Machines}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9595668}, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9595668
4. Ziegler, P., Zhao, Y., Haarer, J., Ruthardt, J., Fischer, M., Roth-Stielow, J.: Compact Design of a Wide Bandwidth High Current Sensor Using Tilted Magnetic Field Sensors. In: 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE). pp. 5528–5534 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595039.
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  @inproceedings{9595039, abstract = {Magnetic field-based current sensors are widely used due to their galvanically isolated measurement principle. A well-proved concept is based on the discrete realization of the Ampère´s law using a circular array of magnetic field sensors. Depending on the linear operating range of the magnetic field sensors the radius of the circular array has to be chosen, leading to large dimensions for high current values. This paper presents a novel approach to build a compact wide bandwidth current sensor based on the combination of tilted tunnel-magnetoresistance sensors and a Rogowski coil. The used tunnel-magnetoresistance sensors are characterized and show an increased linear range in the a current sensor application if they are tilted. In addition, the sensor sensitivity is varied with the tilt angel. A novel current sensor concept based on tilting in combination with repositioning the magnetic field sensors is presented. This concept offers the opportunity to reduce the size of state-of-the-art current sensors based on magnetic field sensors significantly. The proposed concept is verified in a current sensor prototype and the DC current linearity, the dynamic behavior as well as the signal-to-noise ratio is characterized.}, author = {Ziegler, Philipp and Zhao, Yiru and Haarer, Jörg and Ruthardt, Johannes and Fischer, Manuel and Roth-Stielow, Jörg}, booktitle = {2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE)}, doi = {10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595039}, issn = {2329-3748}, month = {10}, pages = {5528-5534}, title = {Compact Design of a Wide Bandwidth High Current Sensor Using Tilted Magnetic Field Sensors}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9595039}, year = 2021 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9595039
2020
1. Nitzsche, M., Haarer, J., Ketchedjian, V., Roth-Stielow, J.: Design of a 9-Level Flying Capacitor Inverter with Very Fast Response of the Controller. In: IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. pp. 2424–2429 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/IECON43393.2020.9254392.
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  @inproceedings{9254392, abstract = {With the increasing utilization of wide bandgap materials in power electronics such as silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), high voltage GaN transistors step into focus. However, low voltage GaN transistors have been on the market much longer and offer several advantages. The flying-capacitor multilevel converter topology enables these advantages and therefore makes system designs with highest power density and low volume possible. These characteristics are key-factors for penetration of products with wide bandgap materials into industrial electronics markets. This work presents a 9-level flying capacitor DC-AC inverter. Zero voltage switching (ZVS) greatly reduces switching losses, thereby enables high frequency operation of the inverter and consequently enhances efficiency. The implemented hardware is designed for an output power of 200Watt and the prototype is built on a modular platform around an FPGA based control system. The modulation scheme and control system allow for extremely high effective switching frequencies and very fast response. Experimental results demonstrate a peak efficiency above 99.0% and an effective switching frequency of up to 4MHz.}, author = {Nitzsche, M. and Haarer, J. and Ketchedjian, V. and Roth-Stielow, J.}, booktitle = {IECON 2020 The 46th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society}, doi = {10.1109/IECON43393.2020.9254392}, issn = {2577-1647}, month = {10}, pages = {2424-2429}, title = {Design of a 9-Level Flying Capacitor Inverter with Very Fast Response of the Controller}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9254392}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9254392
2. Ziegler, P., Haarer, J., Ruthardt, J., Nitzsche, M., Roth-Stielow, J.: Air-Core Toroidal Transformer Concept for High-Frequency Power Converters. In: PCIM Europe digital days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management. pp. 1–5 (2020).
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  @inproceedings{9178236, abstract = {This paper presents an air-core toroidal transformer concept, which offers the ability to integrate the power electronic circuit of a converter into the transformer structure. Air-core magnetic components in high-frequency power converters give the advantage of no core losses. The transformer is designed with the help of a magnetic circuit model verified with a finite-element method simulation. The analytic and measured results of a prototype are compared.}, author = {{Ziegler}, P. and {Haarer}, J. and {Ruthardt}, J. and {Nitzsche}, M. and {Roth-Stielow}, J.}, booktitle = {PCIM Europe digital days 2020; International Exhibition and Conference for Power Electronics, Intelligent Motion, Renewable Energy and Energy Management}, month = {07}, pages = {1-5}, title = {Air-Core Toroidal Transformer Concept for High-Frequency Power Converters}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9178236}, year = 2020 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9178236
2019
1. Bintz, S., Haarer, J., Roth-Stielow, J.: Repetitive Controller for Low Grid Current Harmonics in a Hybrid Parallel Electrolysis Rectifier. In: NEIS 2019; Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems. pp. 1–7 (2019).
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  BibTeX
  @inproceedings{9000481, abstract = {As water electrolysis for energy storage or sector coupling becomes more relevant, suitable rectifiers for grid integration are needed. A promising rectifier concept for this application is a combination of a thyristor rectifier, which offers a high efficiency at the needed high currents, and a parallel voltage source inverter (VSI) for grid current correction and DC-output smoothing at the same time [1]. However, as the desired low grid current harmonics can only hardly be achieved with a conventional controller, a repetitive control concept for the VSI is introduced. The proposed system is verified with measurements on a 5 kW demonstrator circuit of the proposed topology.}, author = {{Bintz}, S. and {Haarer}, J. and {Roth-Stielow}, J.}, booktitle = {NEIS 2019; Conference on Sustainable Energy Supply and Energy Storage Systems}, month = {09}, pages = {1-7}, title = {Repetitive Controller for Low Grid Current Harmonics in a Hybrid Parallel Electrolysis Rectifier}, url = {https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9000481}, year = 2019 }
  Link
  https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9000481

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Übungen: Power Electronics II

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orcid.org/0000-0003-4854-5125

Jörg Haarer, M.Sc.

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